The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.